• A number of agents are involved in canine infectious tracheobronchitis - the ‘kennel cough' syndrome.
• Bordetella bronchiseptica appears to be the major cause.
• A number of viruses may also be involved as primary aetiological agents.
• Combined infections are common.
• Canine distemper virus may also cause predominantly respiratory signs (see preceding chapter) and thus should always be considered as a possible cause of kennel cough, particularly in young, unvaccinated dogs.
• The relative incidence of each of the primary aetiological agents is unknown.
• Other bacteria and mycoplasmas may also be involved in the syndrome, probably mainly as secondary invaders.
  
  
  
  

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV)

Canine adenovirus

Canine herpesvirus (CHV)

Canine reovirus

Other possible pathogens

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