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VACCINES -PIGS Note for
Farmers:
This information is provided by
Provet for educational purposes only.
You should seek the advice of
your veterinarian if your stock are ill as only he or she can correctly advise
on the diagnosis and recommend the treatment that is most appropriate for
your animals.
Topics on this Page:
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Description
Vaccines provide animals with protection against serious infectious diseases or
toxins. They can work in several ways :
- Passive Immunity - antiserum (ready-made antibodies) is injected into the
animal to immediately attack the infection. Immunity of this type is only
short-acting as long as the antibodies are active in the blood, usually 3-12
weeks. An example of this type of vaccine is antiserum against Clostridium
perfringens
- Active Immunity - injecting live or inactivated organisms (or fragments of the
organism, or inactivated toxins) into an animal stimulates the animals
immune system to produce antibodies against the infectious agent or toxin in
the vaccine. Most pig vaccines are of this type and they are used against
bacteria, viruses or parasites. Protection generally lasts longer with live vaccines
than with killed vaccines
Interference with the development of immunity following vaccination can occur
in certain circumstances :
Pig Vaccines Available in the UK
Below is a list of all Porcine vaccines licensed for
use in the UK (Correct as at 1st October 2013). Not all brands may
be available depending upon marketing decisions by the various marketing
license holders. Also, the content of individual vaccines may be changed so
you are advised to check the current details for these vaccine brands at the
Veterinary Medicines Directorate website (www.vmd.defra.gov.uk
)
Key
ADV Aujeszkys Disease
Virus
BB Bordetella
bronchiseptica
CN Clostridium novyi
CP Clostridium
perfringens
CSFV - Classical swine fever
virus
CT Clostridium tetani
EC - Escherichia coli
ER - Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae
FMDV Foot and Mouth
Disease virus
HP - Haemophilus parasuis
LI - Lawsonia
intracellularis
MH Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae
PC-2 Porcine
circovirus-2
PM Pasteurella multocida
PP Porcine parvovirus
PRRSV - Porcine respiratory
and reproductive syndrome virus
S Shigella
SIV Swine influenza
virus
Vaccine
Components
|
Brand
names
|
Marketing
License Holder
|
Inactivated Bacterial vaccines
|
|
|
BB + PM
|
Porcilis AR-T DF
Rhiniseng
|
Intervet
Laboratorios Hipra SA
|
CN + CP + EC
|
Suiseng
|
Laboratorios Hipra SA
|
CP + EC
|
Gletvax 6
Porcilis ColiClos
|
Pfizer
Intervet
|
CP + CT
|
Lambivac
|
Intervet
|
EC
|
Neocolipor
Porcilis Porcoli
|
Merial
Intervet
|
ER
|
Porcilis Ery
|
Intervet
|
HP
|
Porcilis Glasser
|
Intervet
|
MH
|
Hyoresp
Ingelvac MHyo
Ingelvac MycoFlex
M + PAC
Mypravac suis
Porcilis M Hyo ID
Porcilis M Hyo
Stellamune Mycoplasma
Stellamune Once
|
Merial
Boehringer Ingelheim
Boehringer Ingelheim
Intervet
Laboratorios Hipra SA
Intervet
Intervet
Eli Lilly
Eli Lilly
|
S
|
Ecoporc Shiga
|
IDT Biologika Gmbh
|
Inactivated Viral and Bacterial
vaccines
|
|
|
ER + PP
|
Porcilis Ery + Parvo
Suvaxyn Parvo/E
|
Intervet
Zoetis
|
Inactivated Viral vaccines
|
|
|
FMDV
|
Aftopur DOE
Aftovaxpur DOE
|
Merial
Merial
|
PC-2
|
Circovax
Ingelvac CircoFlex
Porcilis PCV
Suvaxyn PCV
|
Merial
Boehringer Ingelheim
Intervet
Zoetis
|
PP
|
Parvovax
Suvaxyn Parvo ST
|
Merial
Zoetis
|
PRRSV
|
Ingelvac PRRS KV
Progressis
|
Boehringer Ingelheim
Merial
|
SIV
|
Gripovac 3
Respiporc Flu3
|
Merial
IDT Biologika Gmbh
|
CSFV
|
Porcilis Pesti
|
Intervet
|
Live Bacterial vaccines
|
|
|
LI
|
Enterisol Ileitis
|
Boehringer Ingelheim
|
Live Viral vaccines
|
|
|
ADV
|
Suvaxyn Aujeszky 783
|
Zoetis
|
PRRSV
|
Porcilis PRRS
Unistrain PRRS
|
Intervet
Laboratorios Hipra SA
|
Contraindications
Pigs should not be vaccinated if they :
- Are not well
- Have a high body temperature
- Are within 6 weeks of having been given corticosteroids or other drugs
that can reduce the immune response
- Have been treated with antibiotics which might affect the live organisms
in a vaccine
- Are stressed
Side Effects
There are a number of side-effects that may be seen following vaccination,
including the following :
- The organisms in live vaccines can sometimes cause mild signs of the
disease and they can be transferred to other animals in a herd and cause
mild signs of disease in them as well
- Live vaccines may damage the fetus in pregnant animals, so they should
not be used in pregnant animals if a killed vaccine is
available.
- Some live vaccines can result in a long term "latent"
infection which may affect blood tests and have implications on the future
movement of
animals
- Vaccines can cause a local reaction and irritation at the site of
injection
- Hair loss, and sometimes a change of hair or skin colour can occur at the
injection site
- If the vaccine is administered by injection without cleaning the skin
surface infection may be introduced into the site resulting in abscess
formation
- Rarely an individual animal may show a severe shock (anaphylactic)
reaction following vaccination. Prompt veterinary attention is needed or the
animals life can be at risk.
Storage
Vaccines will lose their potency if they are not stored properly. They
should be stored as specified by the manufacturers, and usually this will
require storage in a refrigerator at 2-8o C. Most vaccines should not
be frozen, and they should not be allowed to come into contact with direct sunlight, or
disinfectants.
Administration
Vaccines can be administered by various routes, but subcutaneous or
intramuscular injection is the most common route. The intranasal route is used
for some vaccines against respiratory diseases. Scarification is used for some
vaccines against skin infections and administration by mouth is possible for some
vaccines. The skin at the injection
site should be cleaned and wiped with spirit, and sterile syringes and
needles should always be used . Repeated use of the same needle increases the risk of
transmission of disease between animals and should be discouraged.
Health and
Safety Considerations
All sharps used in the vaccination process (glass vials, needles etc) should be
placed into an approved sharps box, and be disposed of by an approved
method. Vaccines should be handled with care, and every precaution should be
taken to avoid accidental injection of the person administering the vaccine, or
an assistant restraining the animal. Vaccines that are oil-based cause a
severe, painful swelling if self-injected and they can result in loss of a
finger due to reduced blood supply caused by the vaccine. Some live vaccines
are potential harmful to people, for example toxoplasmosis vaccine should not be
handled by pregnant women, young fertile women, or people with poor immune
systems. Protective gloves and eye goggles should be worn when handling these
vaccines.
Frequency
of Administration
The frequency of administration of vaccines depends on several factors including the
following :
- the type of vaccine
- the age of the animal
- the circumstances under which the vaccine is being given, and
- the route of administration.
Withdrawal
Periods
Pigs can not be sent for slaughter and for human consumption after the administration of some medications.
Vaccines usually have a withdrawal period of nil for slaughter. Updated
October 2013
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