| Tracheal Compression | Oesophageal compression |
| coughing | dysphagia |
| dyspnoea | regurgitation |
| Compression of neural structures | retching |
| recurrent laryngeal nerve | Compression veins and lymphatics |
| laryngeal paralysis | head and forelimb oedema |
| sympathetic trunk | Pericardiodiaphragmatic herinia |
| Horner's syndrome | right-sided cardiac failure |
| miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos |